Danish 10

Vocabulary Summary

Grammar Summary (Beginner Level)

1. Modal Verb “skal” - Future/Obligation

Skal expresses future plans or obligation:

• Skal du købe en el-cykel? = Are you going to buy an electric bike?
• Vi skal fejre = We are going to celebrate

Usage: skal + infinitive

2. Compound Words (Sammensatte ord)

Danish creates complex words by combining:

• el-cykel = el (electricity) + cykel (bike) = electric bike
• prøvetur = prøve (test) + tur (ride) = test ride
• madlavningshold = madlavning (cooking) + hold (class) = cooking class
• jubilæumskoncert = jubilæum (anniversary) + koncert (concert) = anniversary concert
• musikbutik = musik (music) + butik (store) = music store
• cykelferie = cykel (bike) + ferie (holiday) = bike holiday
• festlokaler = fest (party) + lokaler (premises) = party venues
• musikanlæg = musik (music) + anlæg (system) = music system
• diskokugle = disko (disco) + kugle (ball) = disco ball

3. “Står klar” - Idiomatic Expression

Meaning “are ready” or “stand ready”:

• Vi står klar med råd = We are ready with advice
• står klar = stand ready

4. Superlative Forms

Bedst and -ste ending for superlatives:

• god → bedre → bedst = good → better → best
• passer bedst = fits best
• hyggelig → hyggeligste = cozy → coziest

5. “Både … og” - Both … and

Correlative conjunction:

• Både nye og brugte = Both new and used
• Både børn og voksne = Both children and adults

6. “Byder på” - Offers

Idiomatic expression meaning “offers”:

• Byder på mange nye hold = Offers many new classes
• Vi byder på sandwich = We offer sandwiches

7. Imperative + Preposition Movement

Commands with prepositions:

• Kig forbi = Drop by (literally: look past)
• Tag med = Take along
• Læs mere = Read more
• Book jeres ferie = Book your vacation

8. “Drømmer om” - Dreams of

Construction with “om”:

• Drømmer dit barn om at lære = Does your child dream of learning
• drømme om + infinitive/noun

9. Definite Forms (“the”)

Add endings to make nouns definite:

• -en: skov → skoven (the forest)
• -et: barn → barnet (the child)
• -ne: øens → øens (the island’s - genitive)

10. Genitive Form with “-s”

Show possession:

• øens hyggeligste hoteller = the island’s coziest hotels
• 30-års jubilæum = 30-year anniversary
• jeres ferie = your (plural) vacation

11. Present Tense Verbs

Most verbs end in -r or -er:

• finder = find (from finde)
• passer = fits (from passe)
• byder = offers (from byde)
• fejrer = celebrate (from fejre)
• koster = costs (from koste)
• cykler = cycle (from cykle)
• underviser = teach (from undervise)

12. Passive Voice with “-s”

-s ending creates passive:

• udlejes = for rent/is rented out (from udleje)

13. Adjective Agreement

Adjectives change based on definiteness and number:

• Indefinite common: en gratis prøvetur = a free test ride
• Indefinite neuter: et stort udvalg = a large selection
• Plural: spiselige planter = edible plants
• Definite superlative: hyggeligste hoteller = coziest hotels

14. “Let at” Construction - Easy to

Pattern: adjective + at + infinitive:

• Let at lave = Easy to make
• Let at finde = Easy to find

15. Time Expressions

Common Danish time phrases:

• om dagen = per day
• i alderen 5-18 = aged 5-18
• ca. to timer = about two hours
• op til 50 personer = up to 50 people

16. Prepositions in Context

Common prepositions:

• til = to/for (Råd til tilberedning = Advice for preparation)
• på = on (På Bornholm = On Bornholm)
• i = in (I skoven = In the forest)
• med = with (Tag med = Take along)
• mellem = between (Mellem hoteller = Between hotels)
• om = about (Drømmer om = Dream about)
• fra = from (Priser fra 2.495 kr = Prices from 2,495 kr)

17. “Mulighed for” - Possibility of

Common construction:

• Mulighed for tilkøb = Possibility of additional purchase
• mulighed for + noun/infinitive

18. “Op til” - Up to

Expression meaning “up to”:

• Op til 50 personer = Up to 50 people
• op til + number

19. Plural Formation

Regular plural patterns:

• Add -e: plante → planter = plants
• Add -er: billet → billetter = tickets, hotel → hoteller = hotels
• Add -r: cykel → cykler = bicycles
• Irregular: barn → børn = children

20. “Bliv ven med” - Become Friends with

Idiomatic expression:

• Bliv ven med din wok = Become friends with your wok
• bliv ven med + object

21. “Yderligere” - Further

Formal word for “additional” or “further”:

• Yderligere information = Further information
• More formal than “mere” (more)

22. Abbreviations

Common Danish abbreviations:

• fx = for eksempel = for example
• kr. = kroner = Danish currency
• ca. = cirka = approximately
• d. = den = the (for dates)
• inkl. = inklusiv = including

23. Geographic Prepositions

Different prepositions for places:

• på Bornholm = on Bornholm (island)
• i Aarhus = in Aarhus (city)

24. “Centralt beliggende” - Centrally Located

Common real estate phrase:

• Centralt beliggende = Centrally located
• Pattern: adverb + past participle

Skal du købe en el-cykel?

Så kig forbi vores butik og få en gratis prøvetur.Vi står klar med råd og vejledning, og sammen finder vi den model, som passer bedst til dig. Priser fra 8.995 kr. Væltepeter & Co.

prøvetur = test ride

• decompose: prøve (test) + tur (ride)

står klar = are ready

råd og vejledning = advice and guidance

• other words also mean “advice” in danish: anbefaling (recommendation), vejledning (guidance), rådgivning (counseling)

passer bedst = fits best

→ are you going to buy an electric bike?

Then stop by our store and get a free test ride. We are ready with advice and guidance, and together we will find the model that fits you best. Prices from 8,995 kr. Væltepeter & Co.

Denne sæson byder på mange nye hold fx: - Hold 234: Mænd og mad - Hold 235: Sund mad – let at lave - Hold 236: Bliv ven med din wok. Pris for deltagelse: 495 kr. pr. person. Se alle vores madlavningshold på www.madskolen.dk

byder på = offers

mænd og mad = men and food

let at lave = easy to make

deltagelse = participation

madlavningshold = cooking class

→ This season offers many new classes, for example: - Class 234: Men and Food - Class 235: Healthy Food – Easy to Make - Class 236: Become Friends with Your Wok. Price for participation: 495 kr. per person. See all our cooking classes at www.madskolen.dk

Jubilæumskoncert på Vilsby Musikskole

Vi fejrer vores 30-års jubilæum med en stor koncert søndag d. 24/11 kl. 14-17. Se programmet og bestil billetter på vilsby-mus.dk. Det koster 50 kr. for voksne. Der er gratis adgang for alle under 18 år.

jubilæumskoncert = anniversary concert

• jubilæum = anniversary

fejrer = celebrate

bestil = order

→ Anniversary Concert at Vilsby Music School

We are celebrating our 30th anniversary with a big concert on Sunday, November 24th from 2-5 PM. See the program and order tickets at vilsby-mus.dk. It costs 50 kr. for adults. There is free admission for everyone under 18 years old.

Ny musikbutik åbner d. 22/11.

Kom ind og se vores store udvalg af både nye og brugte instrumenter. Tilbud i uge 47: Evergreen bas 2.299 kr.

både … og = both … and

→ New music store opens on November 22nd.

Come in and see our large selection of both new and used instruments. Offer in week 47: Evergreen bass 2,299 kr.

Find mad i skoven

Oplev Rold Skov sammen med en guide søndag d. 26/9. Vi starter kl. 10 og går en rute på ca. 5 km. Vi finder spiselige planter, og du får gode råd til tilberedning af dem. Turen varer ca. to timer.

Oplev = experience

skov = forest

spiselige planter = edible plants

råd = advice

tilberedning = preparation

→ Find food in the forest

Experience Rold Forest together with a guide on Sunday, September 26th. We start at 10 AM and walk a route of about 5 km. We will find edible plants, and you will get good advice on how to prepare them. The tour lasts about two hours.

Reparation af cykler.

Vi kan fx tilbyde • Lapning 70 kr. • Montering af ny slange 135 kr. • Udskiftning af kæde 150 kr. Service og godt humør er en selvfølge på vores værksted.

tilbude = offer

lapning = patching

montering = mounting

slange = tube

udskiftning = replacement

• skiftning = change, replacement

værksted = workshop

→ Repair of bicycles.

We can, for example, offer • Patching 70 kr. • Mounting of new tube 135 kr. • Replacement of chain 150 kr. Service and good humor are a given in our workshop.

Cykelferie på Bornholm

Tag familien med på tur på skønne Bornholm i 5, 7 eller 10 dage. I cykler 4-6 timer om dagen mellem nogle af øens hyggeligste hoteller. Priser fra 2.495 kr. pr. person inkl. overnatning. Læs mere og book jeres ferie på www.bornholm-cykelferie.dk

cykelferie = bike holiday

skønne = beautiful

mellem = between

øens = the island’s

→ Bike holiday on Bornholm

Take the family on a trip to beautiful Bornholm for 5, 7, or 10 days. You will cycle 4-6 hours a day between some of the island’s coziest hotels. Prices from 2,495 kr. per person including accommodation. Read more and book your holiday at www.bornholm-cykelferie.dk

Musikskolen i Centrum starter nye hold.

Drømmer dit barn om at lære at spille et instrument? Vi underviser børn og unge i alderen 5-18 år i små og større grupper. Yderligere information om undervisning og priser på vores hjemmeside.

drømmer om = dreams of

større grupper = larger groups

yderligere = further

→ The music school in the center starts new classes.

Does your child dream of learning to play an instrument? We teach children and young people aged 5-18 in small and larger groups. Further information about teaching and prices on our website.

Festlokaler udlejes.

Centralt beliggende på Enghavegade i Aarhus C. Plads til op til 50 personer. Priser fra 2.500 kr. Mulighed for tilkøb af fx musikanlæg, diskokugle og rengøring.

beliggende = located

mulighed for tilkøb = possibility of additional purchase

musikanlæg = music system

diskokugle = disco ball

→ Party venues for rent.

Centrally located on Enghavegade in Aarhus C. Space for up to 50 people. Prices from 2,500 kr. Possibility of additional purchase of, for example, music system, disco ball, and cleaning.