Vocabulary Summary
| Danish | English | Example usage (Danish → English) |
|---|---|---|
| professionel | professional | Professionel service → Professional service |
| rengøring | cleaning | Rengøring af huset → Cleaning of the house |
| tilbydes | offered | Service tilbydes → Service is offered |
| tilbyde | to offer | Vi kan tilbyde hjælp → We can offer help |
| støvsugning | vacuuming | Støvsugning hver dag → Vacuuming every day |
| støvsuge | to vacuum | Støvsuge gulvet → Vacuum the floor |
| støv | dust | Meget støv → Much dust |
| gulvvask | floor washing | Gulvvask er nødvendig → Floor washing is necessary |
| gulv | floor | Rent gulv → Clean floor |
| vask | washing | Vask af gulve → Washing of floors |
| vinduespolering | window polishing | Vinduespolering inkluderet → Window polishing included |
| vindue | window | Et stort vindue → A large window |
| polering | polishing | Polering af bilen → Polishing of the car |
| hele | all/whole | Det hele → All of it |
| hjem | home | Mit hjem → My home |
| firma | company | Et stort firma → A large company |
| kulturhus | cultural center | Gå til kulturhuset → Go to the cultural center |
| kultur | culture | Dansk kultur → Danish culture |
| hus | house | Et nyt hus → A new house |
| frivillige | volunteers | Frivillige hjælpere → Volunteer helpers |
| frivillig | volunteer | En frivillig → A volunteer |
| fri | free | Gratis og fri → Free and free |
| villig | willing | Villig til at hjælpe → Willing to help |
| billedbehandling | image processing | Kursus i billedbehandling → Course in image processing |
| billede | image/picture | Et smukt billede → A beautiful picture |
| behandling | treatment | Behandling af data → Treatment of data |
| oprettelse | creation | Oprettelse af konto → Creation of account |
| oprette | to create | Oprette en profil → Create a profile |
| bare | just | Bare kom → Just come |
| kig forbi | drop by | Kig forbi i morgen → Drop by tomorrow |
| kig | look/peek | Kig her → Look here |
| forbi | by/past | Gå forbi → Go past |
| assistent | assistant | En dygtig assistent → A skilled assistant |
| stabil | stable | En stabil person → A stable person |
| erfaren | experienced | Erfaren medarbejder → Experienced employee |
| erfaring | experience | God erfaring → Good experience |
| opstart | start | Til opstart → For start |
| hurtigst | fastest | Hurtigst muligt → As fast as possible |
| hurtig | fast | En hurtig løber → A fast runner |
| muligt | possible | Hvis muligt → If possible |
| lektiehjælp | homework help | Få lektiehjælp → Get homework help |
| lektie | homework | Lave lektier → Do homework |
| hjælp | help | Brug for hjælp → Need help |
| alderen | the age | I alderen 7-15 → In the age 7-15 |
| alder | age | Min alder → My age |
| skolearbejdet | the school work | Hjælp til skolearbejdet → Help with the school work |
| skole | school | Gå i skole → Go to school |
| arbejdet | the work | Arbejdet er hårdt → The work is hard |
| fagene | the subjects | Alle fagene → All the subjects |
| fag | subject | Mit yndlingsfag → My favorite subject |
| dansk | Danish | Dansk sprog → Danish language |
| engelsk | English | Engelsk grammatik → English grammar |
| tysk | German | Tysk kultur → German culture |
| matematik | mathematics | God til matematik → Good at mathematics |
| fysik | physics | Fysik er svært → Physics is difficult |
| historie | history | Dansk historie → Danish history |
| kursus | course | Et nyt kursus → A new course |
| basis | basic | Basis viden → Basic knowledge |
| indhold | content | Kursets indhold → The course’s content |
| aftørring | wiping | Aftørring af borde → Wiping of tables |
| aftørre | to wipe | Aftørre flader → Wipe surfaces |
| flader | surfaces | Glatte flader → Smooth surfaces |
| flade | surface | En flad overflade → A flat surface |
| olie | oil | Olie til gulvet → Oil for the floor |
| sæbe | soap | Vaske med sæbe → Wash with soap |
| polish | polish | Polish til gulvet → Polish for the floor |
| arbejdsstillinger | working positions | Gode arbejdsstillinger → Good working positions |
| arbejds | work’s | Arbejdstid → Working time |
| stillinger | positions | Ergonomiske stillinger → Ergonomic positions |
| fagskolen | the vocational school | Gå på fagskolen → Go to the vocational school |
| vild | wild/crazy | Vild med dyr → Crazy about animals |
| vilde | wild | Vilde dyr → Wild animals |
| dyrearter | animal species | Mange dyrearter → Many animal species |
| dyre | animal | Et vildt dyre → A wild animal |
| arter | species | Forskellige arter → Different species |
| art | species | En sjælden art → A rare species |
| opleve | experience | Opleve naturen → Experience nature |
| tæt på | close to | Helt tæt på → Very close to |
| tæt | close | Tæt ved → Close by |
| ses | see (each other) | Vi ses → See you |
| bude | couriers | Friske bude → Fresh couriers |
| bud | courier | Et bud → A courier |
| friske | fresh | Friske grøntsager → Fresh vegetables |
| frisk | fresh | Frisk luft → Fresh air |
| studerende | student | En studerende → A student |
| studere | to study | Studere dansk → Study Danish |
| pensionist | pensioner | En ældre pensionist → An older pensioner |
| tjene | earn | Tjene penge → Earn money |
| lidt ekstra | a little extra | Tjene lidt ekstra → Earn a little extra |
| lidt | a little | Lidt mad → A little food |
| ekstra | extra | Ekstra tid → Extra time |
| ledige | available | Ledige job → Available jobs |
| ledig | available | Er du ledig? → Are you available? |
| ruter | routes | Forskellige ruter → Different routes |
| rute | route | En god rute → A good route |
| aviser | newspapers | Læse aviser → Read newspapers |
| avis | newspaper | En morgenavis → A morning newspaper |
| reklamer | advertisements | Dele reklamer → Distribute advertisements |
| reklame | advertisement | En reklame → An advertisement |
| landområder | rural areas | I landområder → In rural areas |
| land | country | På landet → In the countryside |
| områder | areas | Forskellige områder → Different areas |
| område | area | Et stort område → A large area |
| kæledyr | pets | Mine kæledyr → My pets |
| kæle | cuddle | Kæle med katten → Cuddle with the cat |
| legetøj | toys | Legetøj til børn → Toys for children |
| lege | play | Lege sammen → Play together |
| pleje | care | Pleje af dyr → Care of animals |
| foder | feed | Foder til hunde → Feed for dogs |
| råd | advice | Gode råd → Good advice |
| mangler | lack/need | Hvad mangler du? → What do you need? |
| mangle | to lack | Jeg mangler tid → I lack time |
| kat | cat | En sød kat → A sweet cat |
| hund | dog | En stor hund → A large dog |
| fugl | bird | En lille fugl → A small bird |
| fisk | fish | Frisk fisk → Fresh fish |
| gnaver | rodent | Små gnavere → Small rodents |
| gnave | to gnaw | Gnaveren gnaver → The rodent gnaws |
| parkering | parking | Gratis parkering → Free parking |
| døren | the door | Ved døren → At the door |
| dør | door | En åben dør → An open door |
| skaldyr | shellfish | Friske skaldyr → Fresh shellfish |
| skal | shell | En hård skal → A hard shell |
| varmrøget | hot-smoked | Varmrøget laks → Hot-smoked salmon |
| varm | warm | Varmt vand → Warm water |
| røget | smoked | Røget fisk → Smoked fish |
| makrel | mackerel | En makrel → A mackerel |
| stk. | piece | 1 stk. → 1 piece |
| gram | grams | 100 gram → 100 grams |
| laksefilet | salmon fillet | En laksefilet → A salmon fillet |
| laks | salmon | Frisk laks → Fresh salmon |
| filet | fillet | En filet → A fillet |
| benfri | boneless | Benfri fisk → Boneless fish |
| ben | bone | Et ben → A bone |
| hjemmelavede | homemade | Hjemmelavede kager → Homemade cakes |
| hjemme | home | Hjemme hos mig → At my home |
| lavet | made | Hjemmelavet mad → Homemade food |
| rejesalat | shrimp salad | Lækker rejesalat → Delicious shrimp salad |
| reje | shrimp | Friske rejer → Fresh shrimp |
| salat | salad | En grøn salat → A green salad |
| havet | the sea | Fra havet → From the sea |
| hav | sea | Det store hav → The great sea |
Grammar Summary (Beginner Level)
1. Passive Voice with “-s” Ending
Danish uses -s to create passive voice:
- tilbydes = is offered (from tilbyde)
- søges = is wanted (from søge)
- ses = see each other (reflexive)
Examples:
- Professionel rengøring tilbydes = Professional cleaning is offered
- Rengøringsassistent søges = Cleaning assistant is wanted
- Vi ses! = See you! (literally: we see each other)
2. Compound Words (Sammensatte ord)
Danish creates complex words by combining simpler ones:
- støvsugning = støv (dust) + suge (suck) + ning (noun ending) = vacuuming
- vinduespolering = vindue (window) + polering (polishing) = window polishing
- kulturhus = kultur (culture) + hus (house) = cultural center
- billedbehandling = billede (image) + behandling (treatment) = image processing
- lektiehjælp = lektie (homework) + hjælp (help) = homework help
- skolearbejdet = skole (school) + arbejdet (the work) = the school work
- arbejdsstillinger = arbejds (work) + stillinger (positions) = working positions
- dyrearter = dyre (animal) + arter (species) = animal species
- landområder = land (country) + områder (areas) = rural areas
- kæledyr = kæle (cuddle) + dyr (animal) = pets
- varmrøget = varm (warm) + røget (smoked) = hot-smoked
- laksefilet = laks (salmon) + filet (fillet) = salmon fillet
- hjemmelavede = hjemme (home) + lavet (made) + e (plural) = homemade
- rejesalat = reje (shrimp) + salat (salad) = shrimp salad
3. “Op-” Prefix Words
Op- prefix often indicates creation or upward action:
- oprettelse = creation (from oprette - to create)
- opstart = startup (from starte - to start)
- opleve = experience (from leve - to live)
4. Superlative with “-st”
Add -st to adjectives for superlative:
- hurtigst muligt = fastest possible (as soon as possible)
- hurtig → hurtigst = fast → fastest
5. Adjective Agreement
Adjectives change based on definiteness and number:
- Indefinite singular: en stabil person = a stable person
- Definite/plural: de frivillige = the volunteers
- Plural: friske bude = fresh couriers
6. Definite Forms (“the”)
Add endings to make nouns definite:
- -en: alder → alderen (the age)
- -et: arbejdet → arbejdet (the work), havet → havet (the sea)
- -ne: fagene → fagene (the subjects)
7. “Vild med” - Crazy About
Idiomatic expression:
- Vild med dyr? = Crazy about animals?
- Vild med musik = Crazy about music
8. Impersonal “Man”
Man is used as generic “one/you”:
- som man kan opleve = that one/you can experience
- Man skal = One must/You must
9. Present Tense Formation
Most verbs add -r or -er:
- søge → søger = seek → seeks
- mangle → mangler = lack → lacks
- tjene → tjener = earn → earns
10. Idiomatic Phrases
Common Danish expressions:
- Kig forbi = drop by (literally: look past)
- Bare kig forbi = just drop by
- Vi ses = see you (literally: we see each other)
- Det hele = all of it
- Lidt ekstra = a little extra
- Tæt på = close to
11. “Hurtigst muligt” - As Soon As Possible
Common phrase structure:
- hurtigst muligt = as fast as possible
- Pattern: superlative + muligt (possible)
12. Prepositions
Common prepositions in context:
- til = to/for (Alt til kæledyr = Everything for pets)
- i = in (I alderen 7-15 = In the age 7-15)
- af = of (Rengøring af toiletter = Cleaning of toilets)
- ved = at/by (Ved døren = At the door)
- fra = from (Fra havet = From the sea)
- på = on (På legetøj = On toys)
13. Negation Patterns
Ikke is used for negation but can be part of compounds:
- ikke-ryger = non-smoker (compound word)
14. Plural Formation
Add -e or -er for plural:
- frivillig → frivillige = volunteer → volunteers
- område → områder = area → areas
- art → arter = species → species (plural)
15. “Alt” Constructions
Alt can mean “all” or “everything”:
- Alt til kæledyr = Everything for pets
- Det hele = All of it
- Alt godt = All good
16. Professional/Occupational Titles
Common professional terms:
- rengøringsassistent = cleaning assistant
- pensionist = pensioner
- studerende = student
- frivillige = volunteers
17. Measurement Expressions
- pr. = per (pr. 100 gram = per 100 grams)
- ca. = cirka = approximately (ca. 350 gram)
- stk. = stykke = piece (1 stk.)
18. “Både … og” - Both … and
Used to connect options:
- Både by- og landområder = Both urban and rural areas
Professionel rengøring tilbydes!
Støvsugning. Gulvvask. Rengøring af toiletter. Vinduespolering. Vi er gode til det hele! Så ring i dag og få et godt tilbud på rengøring af dit hjem eller firma.
tilbydes = offered
Støvsugning = vacuuming
- støv = dust
vinduespolering = window cleaning
- vindue = window
- polering = polishing
firma = company
→ Professional cleaning offered!
Stove vacuuming. Floor washing. Toilet cleaning. Window polishing. We are good at it all! So call today and get a good offer on cleaning your home or company.
It-café i Villesbo Kulturhus
Hver onsdag kl. 14.00-16.00 hjælper frivillige med it. Fx: Billedbehandling, E-boks, og Oprettelse af e-mail. – og meget andet… Bare kig forbi!
Kulturhus = cultural center
frivillige = volunteers
- decompose frivillig: fri = free, villig = willing
Billedbehandling = image processing
- billede = image
- behandling = treatment
Oprettelse = creation
- words with op- prefix often indicate creation or initiation, e.g., opstart (startup), opbygning (construction)
bare kig forbi = just drop by
- kig means “look” or “peek”
- forbi means “by” or “past”
→ IT café in Villesbo Cultural Center
Every Wednesday from 2:00 PM to 4:00 PM, volunteers help with IT. For example: Image processing, E-box, and Creation of email. – and much more… Just drop by!
Rengøringsassistent søges
Vi søger en stabil og erfaren rengøringsassistent til opstart hurtigst muligt.
søger = looking for
- decompose søge: søg = seek, er = present tense marker
- in Danish, present tense is often formed by adding -er to the verb stem
stabil = stable
erfaren = experienced
- decompose erfaren: er = present tense marker, faren = experience
hurtigst muligt = as soon as possible
- hurtig = fast, st = superlative marker, muligt = possible
→ Cleaning assistant wanted
We are looking for a stable and experienced cleaning assistant for start as soon as possible.
Lektiehjælp
Børn i alderen 7-15 år tilbydes hjælp til skolearbejdet i fagene: • Dansk, engelsk og tysk • Matematik og fysik • Historie
lektiehjælp = homework help
- lektie = homework
- hjælp = help
tilbydes = offered
skolearbejdet = school work
- skole = school
- arbejdet = the work
fagene = the subjects
→ Homework help
Children aged 7-15 years are offered help with school work in the subjects: • Danish, English, and German • Mathematics and physics • History
Kursus i basis-rengøring.
Indhold: Aftørring af flader, støvsugning, vask og behandling af gulve (olie, sæbe og polish) og gode arbejdsstillinger. FAGSKOLEN I CENTRUM
indhold = content
aftørring = wiping
- aftørre = to wipe
flader = surfaces
sæbe = soap
arbejdsstillinger = working positions
- arbejds = work
- stillinger = positions
FAGSKOLEN I CENTRUM = THE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN THE CENTER
→ Course in basic cleaning.
Content: Wiping of surfaces, vacuuming, washing and treatment of floors (oil, soap, and polish) and good working positions. THE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN THE CENTER
Vild med dyr?
Vi har mere end 200 forskellige vilde dyrearter, som man kan opleve helt tæt på. Vi ses i Børnenes Zoo!
Vild med dyr? = Crazy about animals?
dyrearter = animal species
- dyre = animal
- arter = species
opleve = experience
- decompose opleve: op = up, leve = live
som man kan = that you can
- in Danish, man is often used as an impersonal pronoun meaning “one” or “you” in a general sense
→ Crazy about animals?
We have more than 200 different wild animal species that you can experience up close. See you at the Children’s Zoo!
Friske bude søges.
Er du studerende eller pensionist, eller har du bare brug for at tjene lidt ekstra? Vi har ledige ruter (aviser og reklamer) i både by-og landområder. Ring og hør nærmere!
Friske = fresh
bude = couriers
- bud = courier, e.g., postbud (mail carrier), madbud (food delivery)
tjene = earn
ledige = available
- decompose ledige: ledig = available, e = plural marker
aviser = newspapers
reklamer = advertisements
landområder = rural areas
- land = country, områder = areas
→ Fresh couriers wanted.
Are you a student or pensioner, or do you just need to earn a little extra? We have available routes (newspapers and advertisements) in both urban and rural areas. Call and hear more details!
Alt til kæledyr.
Vi har gode priser på legetøj, pleje og foder – og vores gode råd er gratis! 250 m2 med det, du mangler til din kat, hund, fugl, fisk eller gnaver. Gratis parkering lige ved døren.
Alt til kæledyr = Everything for pets
- kæledyr = pet
- decompose kæledyr: kæle = cuddle, dyr = animal
legetøj = toys
- legetøj is a compound word: lege = play, tøj = clothes (but in this context, it means toys)
pleje = care
råd = advice
mangler = lack
- decompose mangler: mangl = lack, er = present tense marker
fugl = bird
gnaver = rodent
- gnaver is a compound word: gnav = gnaw, er = present tense marker
→ Everything for pets.
We have good prices on toys, care, and food – and our good advice is free! 250 m2 with what you need for your cat, dog, bird, fish, or rodent. Free parking right at the door.
Fisk og skaldyr.
Varmrøget makrel: 1 stk., ca. 350 gram: 50 kr. Laksefilet, benfri, 400 gram: 99,95 kr. Prøv også vores populære hjemmelavede rejesalat til 9,95 kr. pr. 100 gram. Alt godt fra havet
skaldyr = shellfish
- skaldyr is a compound word: skal = shell, dyr = animal
varmrøget = hot-smoked
- varm = warm, røget = smoked
havet = the sea
→ Fish and shellfish.
Hot-smoked mackerel: 1 piece, approx. 350 grams: 50 kr. Salmon fillet, boneless, 400 grams: 99.95 kr. Also try our popular homemade shrimp salad for 9.95 kr. per 100 grams. All good from the sea.