Danish 07

Vocabulary Summary

Grammar Summary (Beginner Level)

1. Passive Voice with “-s” Ending

Common pattern for “is/are + past participle”:

• søges = is sought/wanted (søge → søges)
• udlejes = for rent/is rented out (udleje → udlejes)
• fører vs føres = carry vs is carried
• tilbyder vs tilbydes = offer vs is offered

Examples:

• Medlemmer søges = Members are wanted
• Lejlighed udlejes = Apartment for rent

2. Compound Words (Sammensatte ord)

Danish combines multiple words to create new meanings:

• vaskemaskine = vaske (wash) + maskine (machine) = washing machine
• aftensmad = aften (evening) + mad (food) = dinner
• kogebog = koge (cook) + bog (book) = cookbook
• butikslokale = butik (store) + lokale (premises) = store premises
• vaskekælder = vaske (wash) + kælder (basement) = laundry basement
• loftsrum = loft (attic) + rum (room) = attic space
• weekendophold = weekend + ophold (stay) = weekend stay
• løbetøj = løbe (run) + tøj (clothes) = running clothes
• ikke-ryger = ikke (not) + ryger (smoker) = non-smoker

Tip: Break down compound words into parts!

3. Possessive Forms

Danish possessives agree with the noun’s gender:

• Common gender: egen parkeringsplads = own parking space
• Neuter gender: eget loftsrum = own attic space
• Plural: egne børn = own children

4. “Gå i stykker” - Idiomatic Expression

Literally “go in pieces” = to break down:

• Er maskinen gået i stykker? = Has the machine broken down?
• Bilen går i stykker = The car breaks down

5. Present Tense Verbs

Most verbs end in -r or -er:

• søger = is looking for
• sender = send
• fører = carry/lead
• håber = hope
• tilbyder = offer

6. Present Perfect with “har” + Past Participle

Express completed actions:

• har gået i stykker = has broken down
• har interesse = has interest

7. Relative Clauses with “som”

“som” means “that/which/who” in relative clauses:

• Retter som børn kan lide = Dishes that children like
• En person som jeg kender = A person that I know

8. Prepositions

Common prepositions with specific uses:

• til = to/for (Alt til din træning = Everything for your training)
• på = on/at (På nettet = On the internet)
• i = in (I centrum = In the center)
• inden for = within (Inden for 24 timer = Within 24 hours)
• af = of (En af vores teknikere = One of our technicians)

9. “Uanset” - Regardless of

Used to express “no matter” or “regardless of”:

• Uanset niveau = Regardless of level
• Uanset alder = Regardless of age

10. Definite Forms (“the”)

Add endings to make nouns definite:

• -en: maskine → maskinen (the machine)
• -et: nettet → nettet (the internet)
• -ne: medlemmer → medlemmerne (the members)

11. “Hører med” - Is Included

Idiomatic expression meaning “belongs with” or “is included”:

• Parkering hører med = Parking is included
• Det hører med = It is included

Literal: høre (hear/belong) + med (with)

12. Negation with “ikke”

ikke is placed after the verb:

• Husdyr ikke tilladt = Pets not allowed
• Jeg er ikke-ryger = I am a non-smoker (as compound)

13. Time Expressions

• inden da = before then
• pr. måned = per month
• i denne uge = this week
• den 14. januar = on January 14th
• inden for 24 timer = within 24 hours

14. Abbreviations

Common Danish abbreviations:

• inkl. = inklusiv = including
• pr. = per = per
• m2 = kvadratmeter = square meters
• kr. = kroner = Danish currency

15. Imperatives (Commands)

Use infinitive form directly:

• Ring = Call
• Book = Book
• Se = See
• Køb = Buy

16. “Alt” Constructions

Alt can mean “everything” or “all”:

• Alt til din træning = Everything for your training
• Alt har interesse = Everything is of interest (idiomatic)

17. “Både … og” - Both … and

Used to connect two items:

• Både stationære og bærbare = Both desktop and laptop

Løbeklubben GAZELLEN søger nye medlemmer

Plads til alle uanset niveau. • Effektive løbeprogrammer. Dygtige trænere. Hygge og god stemning. Tilmelding på www.gazellen.dk

medlemmer = members

• singular: medlem = member

uanset = regardless

• anse = consider
• De anser ham for at være en god løber. = They consider him to be a good runner.

niveau = level

• Det er et højt niveau. = It is a high level.

dygtige = skilled

• dagligt = daily

trænere = trainers

stemning = atmosphere

• god stemning = good atmosphere

tilmelding = registration

→ The GAZELLEN running club is looking for new members

There is room for everyone regardless of level. • Effective running programs. Skilled trainers. Cozy and good atmosphere. Registration at www.gazellen.dk

Er vaskemaskinen gået i stykker?

Ring – så sender vi en af vores dygtige teknikere inden for 24 timer. Pronto Hvidevareservice

vaskemaskinen = washing machine

gået i stykker = broken

• gå i stykker = to break down

sender = send

dygtige teknikere = skilled technicians

hvidevareservice = appliance service

• decompose: hvid = white, vare = goods, service = service

→ Has the washing machine broken down?

Call – and we will send one of our skilled technicians within 24 hours. Pronto Appliance Service

Sund aftensmad til hele familien – en økologisk kogebog

121 opskrifter på nemme og lækre middagsretter, som børn også kan lide. Køb den lige nu hos din boghandler!

aftensmad = dinner

kogebog = cookbook

• kogebog = cookbook, decompose: koge = cook, bog = book

opskrifter = recipes

nemme = easy

lækker = delicious

som = that

• common usage of som in Danish is as a relative pronoun meaning “that” or “which”

boghandler = bookseller

→ Healthy dinner for the whole family – an organic cookbook

121 recipes for easy and delicious dinner dishes that children also like. Buy it right now at your bookseller!

Flot butikslokale udlejes.

Attraktiv beliggenhed i Helsingør centrum. 194 m2 inkl. lager i kælderen, tekøkken og toilet. Mindre kundeparkeringsplads hører med. Ledigt fra 1/1 2019. Pr. måned 22.300 kr. Kontakt erhvervsmægler Pia Louise Jensen

flot = nice

butikslokale = store premises

• butik = store, lokale = premises

begeliggenhed = location

• to remember: beliggenhed is a noun meaning “location” or “situation”. The verb “at ligge” means “to lie” or “to be located”. The noun “beliggenhed” is derived from the verb and refers to the location of something.

kælder = basement

tekøkken = kitchenette

• decompose: te = tea, køkken = kitchen

kundeparkeringsplads = customer parking space

• kunde = customer, parkeringsplads = parking space

hører med = included

• høre = to belong, med = with
• høre also means “to hear”, but in this context, it means “to belong” or “to be included”

erhvervsmægler = commercial real estate agent

• decompose: erhverv = business, mægler = broker or agent

→ Nice store premises for rent.

Attractive location in Helsingør city center. 194 m2 including storage in the basement, kitchenette and toilet. A small customer parking space is included. Available from 1/1 2019. Per month 22,300 kr. Contact commercial real estate agent Pia Louise Jensen

Lejlighed udlejes

86 kvadratmeter i Nr. Lyndelse. Ledig pr. 1/12. Månedlig leje: 5.700 kr. Depositum: 17.100. Adgang til vaskekælder. Eget loftsrum og egen parkeringsplads. Husdyr ikke tilladt.

adgang = access

vaskekælder = laundry basement

• decompose: vaske = wash, kælder = basement
• to remember the word basement in Danish is “kælder”. It is used in various contexts, such as “vaskekælder” (laundry basement) and “butikskælder” (store basement).

eget = own

• eget loftsrum = own attic space
• egen parkeringsplads = own parking space

loftsrummet = attic space

• decompose: loft = attic, rum = room

husdyr = pets

tilladt = allowed

• ikke tilladt = not allowed

→ Apartment for rent

86 square meters in Nr. Lyndelse. Available from 1/12. Monthly rent: 5,700 kr. Deposit: 17,100. Access to laundry basement. Own attic space and own parking space. Pets not allowed.

Tilbud på weekendophold

• 2 overnatninger i dobbeltværelse • 4 retters middag inkl. vin første aften - Lækker økologisk morgenbuffet.Pris kun 1.995 kr. for to personer. Se mere og book nu på vores hjemmeside.

weekendophold = weekend stay

• decompose: weekend = weekend, ophold = stay

overnatninger = overnight stays

• overnatning = overnight stay

retters middag = course dinner

• ret = course, middag = dinner

lækker = delicious

→ Weekend stay offer

• 2 overnight stays in a double room • 4 course dinner including wine the first evening - Delicious organic breakfast buffet. Price only 1,995 kr. for two people. See more and book now on our website.

Alt til din træning!

Vi fører alle de kendte mærker og har altid lave priser og gode tilbud. I denne uge: 15 % rabat og gratis fragt på alt løbetøj. Din sportsbutik på nettet.

fører = carry

• Vi fører alle de kendte mærker = We carry all the well-known brands

lave priser = low prices

nettet = the internet

• på nettet = on the internet

→ Everything for your training!

We carry all the well-known brands and always have low prices and good offers. This week: 15% discount and free shipping on all running clothes. Your sports store on the internet.

Bolig søges.

Jeg skal starte på universitetet i Aarhus den 14. januar og håber at finde noget at bo i inden da. Jeg er 21 år, rolig, ikke-ryger. Alt har interesse!

inden da = before then

rolig = calm

ikke-ryger = non-smoker

alt har interesse = everything is of interest

→ Housing wanted.

I will start at the university in Aarhus on January 14th and hope to find something to live in before then. I am 21 years old, calm, non-smoker. Everything is of interest!

Reparation af computere

Både stationære og bærbare pc’er. Vi tilbyder også installation, rensning, backup og meget mere.

både = both

stationære = desktop

• decompose: stationær = stationary, but in this context it refers to desktop computers

bærbare = portable

• decompose: bærbar = portable, but in this context it refers to laptop computers

tilbyder = offer

→ Computer repair

Both desktop and laptop PCs. We also offer installation, cleaning, backup and much more.