Danish 06

Vocabulary Summary

Grammar Summary (Beginner Level)

1. Question Formation with “har du brug for”

Common phrase for asking “do you need”:

• Har du brug for et fritidsjob? = Do you need a part-time job?
• Har du brug for hjælp? = Do you need help?

Literal: har (have) + du (you) + brug (need) + for (for) = have you need for

2. Compound Words (Sammensatte ord)

Danish creates many compound nouns:

• fritidsjob = fritid (free time) + job = part-time job
• autoværksted = auto (car) + værksted (workshop) = car workshop
• serviceeftersyn = service + efter (after) + syn (inspection) = service inspection
• babyudstyr = baby + udstyr (equipment) = baby equipment
• pusleborde = pusle (change diaper) + borde (tables) = changing tables
• tremmesenge = tremme (bar) + senge (beds) = cribs
• bæreseler = bære (carry) + seler (straps) = baby carriers
• svømmehal = svømme (swim) + hal (hall) = swimming pool
• børnepasning = børne (children) + pasning (care) = babysitting
• hundeluftning = hunde (dogs) + luftning (airing) = dog walking

Tip: Break down long words into parts to understand their meaning!

3. Passive Voice with “-s” or “bliver/er + past participle”

Actions where the subject receives the action:

• søges = is wanted (from søge - to seek)
• sælges = for sale (from sælge - to sell)
• udføres = is performed (from udføre - to perform)
• leveres = is delivered (from levere - to deliver)
• foregår = takes place (from foregå - to take place)

Example: Reparationer udføres = Repairs are performed

4. Reflexive Pronouns

sig (oneself), dig selv (yourself):

• Beskytte sig mod solen = Protect oneself from the sun
• Forkæl dig selv = Pamper yourself

5. Possessive Forms

Possessives agree with the noun:

• egen bil (common gender) = own car
• eget hus (neuter) = own house
• egne børn (plural) = own children
• barnets første år = the child’s first year (genitive-s)

6. Adjective Endings

Adjectives change based on gender and definiteness:

• Indefinite common: en erfaren mekaniker = an experienced mechanic
• Indefinite neuter: et dejligt ophold = a lovely stay
• Definite/plural: de erfarne mekanikere = the experienced mechanics
• Plural: populære mærker = popular brands

7. Present Tense Verbs

Most verbs end in -r or -er:

• savner = miss
• foregår = takes place
• udføres = is performed
• leveres = is delivered

8. Past Participles

Used with har to form perfect tense:

• har kørt = has driven
• nyåbnet = newly opened (ny + åbnet)
• nysynet = newly inspected (ny + synet)

9. Prepositions for Various Uses

Common prepositions:

• til = to/for (Alt til din baby = Everything for your baby)
• i = in (I din fritid = In your free time)
• på = on/at (På et hotel = At a hotel)
• mod = against (Mod solen = Against the sun)
• med = with (Med nye bremser = With new brakes)
• af = of (Udlejning af biler = Rental of cars)

10. Imperatives (Commands)

Use the infinitive form directly:

• Bliv omdeler = Become a distributor
• Book en tid = Book an appointment
• Læs mere = Read more
• Giv din baby = Give your baby

11. Common Abbreviations

• ca. = cirka = approximately
• fx = for eksempel = for example
• kr. = kroner = Danish currency

12. “Der” Constructions

Der can introduce existence:

• hvor der er garanti = where there is guarantee

13. Time Expressions

• i din fritid = in your free time
• primært i weekenden = primarily on weekends
• ca. 10 timer = approximately 10 hours
• pr. dag = per day
• efter skole = after school
• alle ugens hverdage = all weekdays of the week

14. Definite Forms (“the”)

Add endings to make nouns definite:

• -en: forælder → forældrene (the parents)
• -et: værksted → værkstedet (the workshop)
• -ne: reparationer → reparationerne (the repairs)

15. Double Compound Adjectives

Using ny- (new) prefix:

• nyåbnet = newly opened
• nysynet = newly inspected
• nyfødte = newborn

Har du brug for et fritidsjob?

Bliv omdeler af reklamer og aviser, og tjen ekstra i din fritid. Primært i weekenden. Ugentlig arbejdstid ca. 10 timer. Egen bil en fordel.

brug = use

har du brug for = do you need

• direct translation: have you need for

omdeler = distributor

reklamer = advertisements

aviser = newspapers

tjen = earn

primært = primarily

ugentlig = weekly

arbejdstid = working hours

ca. = approximately

egen bil = own car

en fordel = an advantage

→ Do you need a part-time job?

Become a distributor of advertisements and newspapers, and earn extra in your free time. Primarily on weekends. Weekly working hours approximately 10 hours. Own car an advantage.

Nyåbnet autoværksted.

Alle reparationer udføres af erfarne mekanikere. Du har mulighed for at låne en bil gratis, når din egen er til reparation. Serviceeftersyn kun 995,-. Ring nu og book en tid.

nyåbnet = newly opened

autoværksted = car workshop

• decomposition: auto (car) + værksted (workshop)

reparationer = repairs

udføres = performed

• passive form of “udføre” (to perform)

erfarne = experienced

mekanikere = mechanics

mulighed = opportunity

låne = borrow

gratis = free

serviceeftersyn = service inspection

• decomposition: service (service) + eftersyn (inspection)
• decomposed: eftersyn = efter (after) + syn (view/inspection)

→ Newly opened car workshop.

All repairs are performed by experienced mechanics. You have the opportunity to borrow a car for free when your own is under repair. Service inspection only 995,-. Call now and book an appointment.

Alt i babyudstyr

Hos Start Godt har vi det, du har brug for til den nyfødte og til barnets første år. Populære mærker og gode tilbud i nyåbnet webshop. Se fx vores kæmpeudvalg af pusleborde, tremmesenge og bæreseler.

alt i = everything in

babyudstyr = baby equipment

• decomposition: baby (baby) + udstyr (equipment)
• decomposed: udstyr = ud (out) + styr (gear/equipment)

nyfødte = newborn

barnets første år = the child’s first year

populære mærker = popular brands

kæmpeudvalg = huge selection

• decomposition: kæmpe (huge) + udvalg (selection)

pusleborde = changing tables

• decomposition: pusle (to change a baby’s diaper) + borde (tables)

tremmesenge = cribs

• decomposition: tremme (bar) + senge (beds)

bæreseler = baby carriers

• decomposition: bære (to carry) + seler (straps)

→ Everything in baby equipment

At Start Godt we have what you need for the newborn and for the child’s first year. Popular brands and good offers in newly opened webshop. See for example our huge selection of changing tables, cribs, and baby carriers.

Sommeren er over os!

Derfor er det vigtigt at beskytte sig mod solens kraftige stråler! Vi har et bredt udvalg af forskellige solcremer med høj faktor.

beskyttelse = protection

sig = oneself

mod = against

solens kraftige stråler = the sun’s strong rays

→ Summer is upon us!

Therefore, it is important to protect oneself against the sun’s strong rays! We have a wide selection of different sunscreens with high factor.

Giv din baby en dejlig oplevelse. Undervisningen foregår i varmt vand sammen med forældrene. Vi har hold alle ugens hverdage. Læs mere om vores forskellige hold på www.nygaard-svoemmehal.dk

dejlig = lovely

oplevelse = experience

foregår = takes place

• passive form of “foregå” (to take place)

varmt vand = warm water

forældrene = the parents

svoemmehal = swimming pool

• decomposition: svømme (to swim) + hal (hall)

→ Give your baby a lovely experience. The instruction takes place in warm water together with the parents. We have classes every weekday. Read more about our different classes at www.nygaard-svoemmehal.dk

Savner du sol og varme?

Så forkæl dig selv med et ophold på et af vores rejsemål, hvor der er garanti for høje temperaturer og total afslapning. Book et af vores fantastiske hoteller med halv- eller helpension.

savner du = do you miss

forkæl dig selv = pamper yourself

ophold = stay

rejsemål = travel destination

• decomposition: rejse (travel) + mål (destination)

afslapning = relaxation

• decomposition: af (off) + slapning (loosening/relaxation)
• other words for relax:
  • slappe af (to relax)
  • slappe af (to chill out)
  • tage det roligt (to take it easy)

halv- eller helpension = half-board or full-board

• decomposition: halv (half) + pension (board)

→ Do you miss sun and warmth?

Then pamper yourself with a stay at one of our travel destinations, where there is a guarantee for high temperatures and total relaxation. Book one of our fantastic hotels with half-board or full-board.

Udlejning af biler.

Stort udvalg – også varevogne og minibusser til suveræne priser. Fra 249 kr. pr. dag. Gratis lån af autostole til børn.

udlejning = rental

varevogne = vans

• decomposition: vare (goods) + vogne (wagons)

suveræne priser = superb prices

autostole = car seats

• decomposition: auto (car) + stole (seats)

→ Car rental.

Wide selection – also vans and minibuses at superb prices. From 249 kr. per day. Free loan of car seats for children.

Fritidsjob søges.

Jeg er en ung pige på 14 år, som gerne vil arbejde efter skole (ca. 5 timer om ugen). Alt har interesse. Fx • Børnepasning • Rengøring • Hundeluftning

fritidsjob = part-time job

børnepasning = babysitting

• decomposition: børne (children) + pasning (care)

rengøring = cleaning

hundeluftning = dog walking

• decomposition: hunde (dogs) + luftning (walking)

→ Part-time job wanted.

I am a young girl of 14 years, who would like to work after school (approximately 5 hours per week). Everything is of interest. For example: - Babysitting - Cleaning - Dog walking

FIAT PUNTO SÆLGES Fiat Punto 1,2 fra 2010, har kørt 134.000 km. Bilen er meget velholdt. Den leveres nysynet og med nye bremser.

sælges = for sale

leveres = delivered

• passive form of “levere” (to deliver)

nysynet = newly inspected

• decomposition: ny (new) + synet (inspected)

velholdt = well-maintained

• decomposition: vel (well) + holdt (maintained)
• other words for well-maintained:
  • i god stand (in good condition)
  • i fin stand (in fine condition)

bremser = brakes

• pliral of bremse (brake)

→ FIAT PUNTO FOR SALE

Fiat Punto 1.2 from 2010, has driven 134,000 km. The car is very well-maintained. It is delivered newly inspected and with new brakes.