Danish 05

Vocabulary Summary

Grammar Summary (Beginner Level)

1. Perfect Tense with “har” + Past Participle

Danish uses har (have) + past participle to express completed actions:

• Vi har fået nye varer = We have gotten new goods
• Vi har ryddet op = We have cleared up
• Vi har holdstart = We have class start

Common past participles: fået (gotten), ryddet (cleared), fyldt (filled)

2. Compound Words (Sammensatte ord)

Danish creates new words by combining existing ones:

• kørekort = køre (drive) + kort (card) = driver’s license
• forårsnyheder = forår (spring) + nyheder (news) = spring news
• dametøj = dame (lady) + tøj (clothing) = women’s clothing
• sovesofa = sove (sleep) + sofa = sofa bed
• stueplanter = stue (living room) + planter (plants) = house plants

Tip: Break long words into smaller parts to understand their meaning!

3. Passive Voice with “-s” Ending

Use -s ending to create passive forms:

• udlejes = is rented out (from udleje - to rent out)
• søges = is wanted (from søge - to seek)
• sælger vs sælges = sells vs is sold

Example: Fast vikar søges = Permanent temp is wanted

4. Reflexive Pronouns

dig selv (yourself), sig selv (himself/herself/itself/themselves):

• Forkæl dig selv = Pamper yourself
• Vælg selv = Choose yourself

5. Prepositions (Præpositioner)

Common prepositions with specific uses:

• til = to/for (Fotos til alt = Photos for everything)
• med = with (Med masser af tilbud = With lots of offers)
• på = on/at (På lageret = In the storage)
• mellem = between (Mellem tre farver = Between three colors)
• i = in (I centrum = In the center)

6. Present Tense Verbs

Most verbs end in -er in present tense:

• bugner = is brimming
• sælger = sells
• holder = keeps/holds
• klarer = handles

7. Definite Forms (“the”)

Add endings to nouns to make them definite:

• -et: lager → lageret (the storage)
• -en: sæson → sæsonen (the season)
• -ne: varer → varerne (the goods)

Examples: pollensæsonen (the pollen season), butikken (the store)

8. Adjective Agreement

Adjectives must match the gender of nouns:

• Common gender: en god pris (a good price)
• Neuter: et godt tilbud (a good offer)
• Plural: gode priser (good prices)

9. Imperatives (Commands)

Use the infinitive form for commands:

• Vælg mellem farver = Choose between colors
• Kom og hør = Come and hear
• Kig forbi = Stop by
• Ring og hør = Call and hear

10. Common Phrases & Idioms

• lige nu = right now
• bl.a. = blandt andet = among others
• komme på tale = be considered/be a possibility
• på vej = on the way
• kig forbi = stop by
• hør nærmere = hear more details

11. Genitive Forms in Compounds

When forming compound nouns, the first noun often takes a genitive form:

• kvalitetsmøbler = quality furniture (kvalitet → kvalitets)
• forårsnyheder = spring news

12. “Der” as Expletive Subject

Dermed = thereby/thus (der + med):

• Dermed også pollensæsonen = Thus also the pollen season

13. Numbers and Measurements

• stk. = stykker = pieces
• kvadratmeter = square meters
• kr. = kroner (Danish currency)

Example: 4 stk. = 4 pieces, 95 kvadratmeter = 95 square meters

Vi har fået nye varer hjem!

Vores webshop bugner lige nu med masser af lækre forårsnyheder til gode priser! I denne uge fx: Smart jakke – 799 kr. Vælg mellem tre friske farver. – dametøj til hverdag og fest

fået = gotten

varer = goods

hjem = home

bugner = brimming

lækker = delicious/lovely

forårsnyheder = spring news

• decompound: forår (spring) + nyheder (news)

vælg = choose

mellem = between

farver = colors

dametøj = women’s clothing

• decompose: dame (lady) + tøj (clothing)

→ We have gotten new goods home! → Our webshop is brimming right now with lots of lovely spring news at good prices! This week for example: Smart jacket – 799 kr. Choose between three fresh colors. – women’s clothing for everyday and party

Kørekort, pas, visum, studiekort etc. – vi laver fotos til alt. Pris: 100 kr. for 4 stk. Tidsbestilling ikke nødvendig – vi klarer det på 5 minutter.

kørekort = driver’s license

• decompose: køre (drive) + kort (card)

visum = visa

tidsbestilling = appointment

• decompose: tid (time) + bestilling (booking)

nødvendig = necessary

klarer = handle/manage

→ Driver’s license, passport, visa, student card etc. – we make photos for everything. Price: 100 kr. for 4 pcs. Appointment not necessary – we handle it in 5 minutes.

Butikslokale med mindre lager udlejes

I alt 95 kvadratmeter inkl. 23 kvadratmeter lager i Vingsted centrum. Nabo til bl.a. apoteket og Netto. Månedlig leje 11.250 kr. Interesseret?

butikslokale = shop premises

• decompose: butik (shop) + lokale (premises)

mindre = smaller

lager = storage

udlejes = for rent

månedlig = monthly

→ Shop premises with smaller storage for rent → In total 95 square meters including 23 square meters of storage in Vingsted center. Neighbor to among others the pharmacy and Netto. Monthly rent 11,250 kr. Interested?

Lige nu:

Forårstilbud: 10 tulipaner – 30 kr. Så forkæl dig selv – eller en du holder af – med en buket i glade farver. Vi har også et bredt udvalg af grønne stueplanter og krukker og vaser.

tulipaner = tulips

forkæl = pamper/spoil

dig selv = yourself

buket = bouquet

glade = happy

farver = colors

bredt = wide

stueplanter = house plants

• decompose: stue (living room) + planter (plants)

krukker = pots

→ Right now: → Spring offer: 10 tulips – 30 kr. → So pamper yourself – or someone you care about – with a bouquet in happy colors. We also have a wide selection of green house plants and pots and vases.

Kørekort til bil og motorcykel.

Vi har holdstart hver måned. Teoriundervisning i flotte lokaler i centrum. Priser fra 9.995 kr. Ring og hør nærmere.

teoriundervisning = theory instruction

• decompose: teori (theory) + undervisning (instruction)

flotte = nice

nærmere = more details

→ Driver’s license for car and motorcycle. → We have class start every month. Theory instruction in nice premises in the center. Prices from 9,995 kr. Call and hear more details.

Foråret er på vej – og dermed også pollensæsonen!

Kom og hør om de forskellige typer medicin, vi kan tilbyde, og få masser af gode råd til, hvordan du kan behandle din allergi. Vingsted Apotek.

dermed = thus

pollensæsonen = pollen season

• decompose: pollen (pollen) + sæsonen (the season)

forskellige = different

tilbyde = offer

råd = advice

behandle = treat

→ Spring is on the way – and thus also the pollen season! → Come and hear about the different types of medicine we can offer, and get lots of good advice on how you can treat your allergy. Vingsted Pharmacy.

Fast vikar til lager søges.

Til omgående tiltrædelse. Kørekort til truck er en fordel, men ikke et krav. Er du den rette, kan fastansættelse komme på tale.

fast vikar = permanent temp worker

• decompose: fast (permanent) + vikar (temp worker)

omgående = immediate

tiltrædelse = commencement

fordel = advantage

krav = requirement

rette = right

fastansættelse = permanent employment

• decompose: fast (permanent) + ansættelse (employment)
• Note: ansættelse can also mean “hiring” or “appointment”, but in this context it likely means “employment”.
• Note: “komme på tale” is an idiomatic expression meaning “be considered” or “be a possibility”.

→ Permanent temp worker for storage wanted. → For immediate commencement. Driver’s license for forklift is an advantage, but not a requirement. If you are the right one, permanent employment can be considered.

OPRYDNINGSUDSALG

Vi har ryddet op på lageret og sælger lige nu bl.a.: Sovesofa til 2 personer 3.495 kr. Vi har butikken fyldt med masser af andre gode tilbud på kvalitetsmøbler, så kig forbi. Sidste dag d. 27/5. Nisu Møbler.

oprydningsudsalg = clearance sale

• decompose: oprydning (clearing) + udsalg (sale)

ryddet op = cleared up

lageret = the storage

sælger = sell

sovesofa = sofa bed

• decompose: sove (sleep) + sofa (sofa)

fyldt = filled

kvalitetsmøbler = quality furniture

• decompose: kvalitets (quality) + møbler (furniture)
• Note: “kvalitets” is a genitive form of “kvalitet”, which means “quality”. In compound nouns, the first part often takes a genitive form. A gentitive form is often used to indicate that the first noun modifies the second noun, similar to how we use adjectives in English.

kig forbi = stop by

sidste dag = last day

→ CLEARANCE SALE → We have cleared up the storage and are right now selling among others: Sofa bed for 2 people 3,495 kr. We have the store filled with lots of other good offers on quality furniture, so stop by. Last day on 27/5. Nisu Furniture.

Open By Night

Vi holder åbent til kl. 22 på fredag med mange gode By Night-tilbud fx 10 % på alle sølvringe.

holder åbent = open until

sølvringe = silver rings

• decompose: sølv (silver) + ringe (rings)

→ Open By Night → We are open until 10 PM on Friday with many good By Night offers for example 10% on all silver rings.