Danish 04

Vocabulary Summary

Grammar Summary (Beginner Level)

1. Compound Words (Sammensatte ord)

Danish loves to combine words to create new meanings:

• kæledyr = kæle (cuddle) + dyr (animal) = pet
• døgnvagt = døgn (24 hours) + vagt (guard) = 24-hour service
• dyrlæge = dyr (animal) + læge (doctor) = veterinarian
• medarbejder = med (with) + arbejder (worker) = employee

Tip: When you see a long word, try breaking it into smaller parts!

2. Definite Form (Bestemt form)

In Danish, you add endings to make nouns definite (like adding “the” in English):

• en klinik → klinikken (a clinic → the clinic)
• et år → året (a year → the year)
• en måned → månedens (a month → of the month)
• en læge → lægerne (a doctor → the doctors)

Pattern for adding “the”:

• Common gender (-en): Add -en (klinik → klinikken)
• Neuter gender (-et): Add -et (år → året)
• Plural: Add -ne or -ene (læger → lægerne)

3. Passive Voice (Passiv)

Danish uses -s ending to make passive verbs (when something is done to the subject):

• søge (to seek) → søges (is sought/wanted)
• afholde (to hold) → afholdes (is held)
• besøge (to visit) → besøges (is visited)

Example: Træner søges = Coach is wanted (literally: Coach seeks-itself)

4. Modal Verbs (Modalverber)

skal (shall/should/must) is commonly used to express obligation or future plans:

• Så skal du ringe = Then you should call
• Skal du købe ny madras? = Do you need to buy a new mattress?

5. Imperatives (Bydeform)

Commands and suggestions use the infinitive form:

• Meld dig ind! = Sign up!
• Få motion! = Get exercise!
• Køb online! = Buy online!

6. Prepositions (Præpositioner)

Common prepositions you’ll see:

• hos = at/with (Hos os = With us)
• ved = at/by/in case of (Ved akut sygdom = In case of acute illness)
• til = to/for (Til dit kæledyr = For your pet)
• på = on/at (På hjemmesiden = On the website)
• om = about (Rådgivning om kost = Advice about diet)

7. Reflexive Verbs (Refleksive verber)

sig is used for reflexive actions (yourself):

• Meld dig ind = Sign yourself up (literally: Report yourself in)

8. Time Expressions (Tidsudtryk)

• kl. = klokken (o’clock)
• d. = den (the [date])
• hver = every (hver dag = every day)

Example: Søndag d. 1. marts kl. 9.00 = Sunday, March 1st at 9 AM

9. Abbreviations (Forkortelser)

• bl.a. = blandt andet (among other things)
• kr. = kroner (Danish currency)
• d. = den (the date)
• kl. = klokken (o’clock)

10. Question Formation (Spørgsmål)

Questions often start with the verb:

• Har du fået hund? = Have you gotten a dog?
• Er du i god form? = Are you in good shape?
• Skal du købe madras? = Do you need to buy a mattress?

Pattern: Verb + Subject + Rest of sentence

Har du fået hund eller kat?

Vi har et stort udvalg af foder, legetøj og tilbehør til dit nye kæledyr. Køb online og spar penge på vores fantastiske tilbud!

fået = gotten

tilbehør = accessories

kæledyr = pet

• decompose: kæledyr -> kæle + dyr
• kæle = cuddle dyr = animal

spar = save

→ Have you gotten a dog or cat? → We have a large selection of food, toys and accessories for your new pet. Buy online and save money on our fantastic offers!

Dyrlægerne i Centrum

Hos os er der fokus på dit kæledyrs sundhed og helbred. Klinikken tilbyder bl.a. vaccinationer, røntgenundersøgelser, operationer, tandrensning og rådgivning om kost. Vi har døgnvagt ved akut sygdom.

dyrlægerne = dyr + lægerne

• dyr = animal
• lægerne = the doctors

hos os = with us

sundhed = health

helbred = health

differentiate between sundhed and helbred:

• “sundhed” refers to the overall state of being healthy, including physical, mental, and social well-being. It encompasses a broader concept of health.
• “helbred” specifically refers to the physical health or condition of an individual. It focuses on the absence of illness or disease and the proper functioning of the body.

klinikken = the clinic

bl.a. = blandt andet = among other things

røntgenundersøgelser = x-ray examinations

• decompose: røntgen + undersøgelser
• røntgen = x-ray
• undersøgelser = examinations

radgivning = advice

om = about

kost = diet

døgnvagt = 24-hour emergency service

• decompose: døgn + vagt
• døgn = 24 hours / day
• vagt = guard / watch

ved akut sygdom = in case of acute illness

→ The veterinarians at the Center → With us, there is a focus on your pet’s health and well-being. The clinic offers, among other things, vaccinations, x-ray examinations, surgeries, dental cleaning and advice about diet. We have a 24-hour emergency service in case of acute illness.

Træner søges.

Vi mangler en frivillig til vores juniorhold, der spiller fodbold i HUF Boldklub hver onsdag kl. 16.30-18. Sæsonen starter d. 6. marts og varer i 13 uger. Interesseret?

Træner = coach

søges = sought / wanted

• søges is the passive form of søge, which means “to seek” or “to look for”. It indicates that a coach is being sought or wanted.
• besøges = visited

mangler = missing / lacking

frivillig = volunteer

varer = lasts

→ Coach wanted. → We are looking for a volunteer for our junior team, which plays football at HUF Boldklub every Wednesday from 4:30 PM to 6 PM. The season starts on March 6th and lasts for 13 weeks. Interested?

Så skal du ringe til os! Vi behandler smerter i ryg og nakke hjemme hos dig selv på medbragt briks.

Så skal du ringe til os! = Then you should call us!

behandler = treat

smerter = pains

ryg = back

nakke = neck

hjemme = at home

hos dig selv = at your own place

medbragt = brought along

briks = couch / treatment table

→ Then you should call us! We treat pains in the back and neck at your own place on a brought along treatment table.

Hundetræning

Nu starter vi et nyt hold for hvalpe i alderen 2-6 måneder. • Startdato: Mandag d. 13. januar kl. 18.30. • Varighed: 8 uger. • Pris: 895 kr. pr. hvalp. Tilmelding på www.gb-hundeskole.dk Hundeskolen i Gundersborg

hvalpe = puppy

alderen = age

varighed = duration

tilmelding = registration

• decompose: til + melding
• til = to
• melding = message / registration

→ Dog training → Now we are starting a new class for puppies aged 2-6 months.
→ Start date: Monday, January 13th at 6:30 PM. → Duration: 8 weeks. → Price: 895 DKK per puppy. → Registration at www.gb-hundeskole.dk Dog School in Gundersborg

Skal du købe ny madras?

Vi har byens største udvalg, og vores dygtige medarbejdere hjælper dig med at finde den helt rigtige, så du kan vågne frisk og veludhvilet hver dag.

madras = mattress

dygtige = skilled

medarbejdere = employees

why medarbejdere but not just arbejdere?

• “Medarbejdere” is a more specific term that refers to employees who work together
• “Arbejdere” is a more general term that can refer to workers in various contexts, including manual laborers or workers in different industries. “Medarbejdere” emphasizes the collaborative aspect of employees working together within an organization.

helt = completely / entirely

vågne = awake

veludhvilet = well-rested

• decompose: vel + udhvilet
• vel = well
• udhvillet = rested

→ Do you need to buy a new mattress? → We have the largest selection in town, and our skilled employees will help you find the perfect one, so you can wake up fresh and well-rested every day.

Månedens tilbud

Få motion og en bedre kondi! Meld dig ind i Fitnesshuset nu. Ved indmeldelse i denne måned får du: 1) oprettelse til 0 kr. (normalpris 189,-) 2) 14 dages gratis træning på alle vores hold.

månedens tilbud = offer of the month

better kondi = better fitness

meld dig ind = sign up / join

indmeldelse = registration

oprettelse = setup / registration

what is the difference between oprettelse, indmeldelse, meld dig ind and tilmelding?

• “Oprettelse” refers to the process of setting up or creating an account or membership. It focuses on the administrative aspect of registering for something.
• “Indmeldelse” specifically refers to the act of joining or becoming a member of an organization, club, or group. It emphasizes the action of becoming a member.
• “Meld dig ind” is a more informal way of saying “join” or “sign up”. It is a direct call to action, encouraging someone to take the step of joining or signing up for something.
• “Tilmelding” refers to the process of registering or signing up for an event, class, or activity. It focuses on the administrative aspect of signing up for something specific.

→ Offer of the month → Get exercise and better fitness! Join Fitnesshuset now. By signing up this month, you get: 1) registration for 0 DKK (normal price 189,-) 2) 14 days of free training on all our classes.

Årets moseløb

Er du i god form? Det er nemlig snart tid for årets motionsarrangement! Moseløbet afholdes søndag den 1. marts kl. 9.00. Der er ruter på 5 og 10 km.

aret = the year

• et ar = a year

nemlig = namely / because

motionsarrangement = exercise event

afholdes = is held

• decompose: af + holdes
• af = by
• holdes = held
• afholdes is the passive form of afholde, which means “to hold” or “to organize”. It indicates that the event is being held or organized.

ruter = routes

→ This year’s Moseløb → Are you in good shape? Because it’s soon time for this year’s exercise event! Moseløbet is held on Sunday, March 1st at 9:00 AM. There are routes of 5 and 10 km.

Åbningstilbud

20 % rabat på træningsdragter og fodboldstøvler til børn i hele december måned. Vi slår dørene op til vores nye butik d. 1. december.

rabatt = discount

what is the difference between rabat and tilbud?

• “Rabat” specifically refers to a reduction in price or a discount offered on a product or service. It focuses on the financial aspect of a price reduction.
• “Tilbud” is a more general term that can refer to any kind of offer, promotion, or deal. It can include discounts (rabat) but also encompasses other types of offers such as special packages, limited-time deals, or exclusive promotions.

træningsdragter = tracksuits

slår dørene op = open the doors

→ Opening offer → 20% discount on tracksuits and football boots for children throughout the month of December. We open the doors to our new store on December 1st.